Understanding Different Forms Of Tianeptine For Research

Understanding the different forms of tianeptine is essential for researchers because each preparation, such as tianeptine sodium, tianeptine sulfate, tianeptine free acid, and tianeptine hemisulfate monohydrate, offers unique solubility, stability, and analytical characteristics. Researchers looking to source high-quality research compounds will find that these differences directly influence experimental design, compound handling, and data reliability. Researchers often compare these forms to determine which is most suitable for cell culture work, stability studies, organic-solvent research, or solid-state analysis.

In research settings, the sodium form is known for its high water solubility, the sulfate form for its enhanced stability, the free acid for its compatibility with organic solvents and custom salt formation, and the hemisulfate monohydrate for hydration-state or crystallography studies. Because these variations can impact purity verification, storage requirements, and regulatory compliance, having a clear comparison of each tianeptine form helps ensure accurate experimental planning and reproducible results. This guide summarizes the chemical properties, research applications, and safety considerations for each form to support evidence-based decision-making in laboratory environments.

Disclaimer: Tianeptine is sold strictly for research purposes only. This compound is not intended for human consumption, veterinary use, or any therapeutic applications. Researchers must comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations when handling this substance.

Primary Forms of Tianeptine for Research

Before exploring the different forms, researchers should understand the base compound. Tianeptine's chemical structure is classified as a dibenzothiazepine, with the molecular formula C₂₁H₂₅ClN₂O₄S. According to PubChem, its unique structure differentiates it from other compounds in its class, making it particularly valuable for comparative studies. Researchers can explore neuroactive compounds to understand how tianeptine compares to related substances.

The compound exists in several salt forms and preparations, each with distinct characteristics that affect solubility, stability, and suitability for various research applications.

Tianeptine Sodium

Chemical Properties:

• Molecular Weight: Approximately 458.93 g/mol
• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
• Solubility: Highly water-soluble

Tianeptine sodium represents the sodium salt form of the compound. Its high water solubility makes it particularly useful for researchers conducting in vitro studies requiring aqueous solutions. This form, available in powder formulations, dissolves readily, allowing for precise concentration preparations in laboratory settings.

Research Applications:

• Receptor binding assays
• Cell culture studies
• Pharmacokinetic modeling research
• Solubility and dissolution studies

Storage Considerations: Due to its hygroscopic nature, tianeptine sodium requires storage in airtight containers, preferably with desiccants, in cool, dry conditions. Researchers should note that exposure to moisture can affect the compound's stability and potentially compromise experimental results. The American Chemical Society provides comprehensive guidelines on proper chemical storage protocols.

Tianeptine Sulfate

Chemical Properties:

• Molecular Weight: Approximately 492.05 g/mol
• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Solubility: Moderately water-soluble

The sulfate salt form offers researchers an alternative with different physical characteristics. Tianeptine sulfate demonstrates greater stability compared to the sodium form, making it advantageous for long-term studies or experiments requiring extended storage periods. Researchers seeking neuromodulatory compounds often prefer this form for extended protocols.

Research Applications:

• Stability studies
• Comparative bioavailability research
• Extended-release formulation research
• Analytical method development

Storage Considerations: While more stable than the sodium form, tianeptine sulfate still requires proper storage conditions. Researchers should maintain samples at controlled temperatures away from direct light to preserve compound integrity. The NIST chemistry guidelines offer valuable reference standards for storage verification.

Tianeptine Free Acid

Chemical Properties:

• Molecular Weight: Approximately 436.95 g/mol
• Appearance: White to slightly yellow powder
• Solubility: Limited water solubility; soluble in organic solvents

The free acid form represents tianeptine without additional salt modifications. This form provides researchers with the base compound for studies requiring the non-ionized molecule or for creating custom salt preparations. Those interested in comparing various research compounds can browse the complete product collections.

Research Applications:

• Salt formation studies
• Partition coefficient research
• Organic chemistry synthesis research
• Crystallography studies

Storage Considerations: The free acid form requires protection from moisture and should be stored in inert atmospheres when possible. Researchers often work with this form under controlled laboratory conditions to maintain compound purity.

Tianeptine Hemisulfate Monohydrate

Chemical Properties:

• Molecular Weight: Variable based on hydration state
• Appearance: Crystalline powder
• Solubility: Moderate water solubility

This specialized form incorporates a specific hydration state, which can be relevant for researchers studying crystalline structures or conducting moisture-sensitive experiments. ChemSpider provides detailed molecular data useful for characterization studies.

Research Applications:

• Polymorphism studies
• Hydration state research
• Pharmaceutical formulation research
• Thermal analysis studies

Comparative Analysis for Research Selection

When selecting the appropriate form of tianeptine for research, scientists should consider several factors. For guidance on supplier selection, researchers can review why Nordic Chems maintains rigorous standards.

Solubility Requirements

Tianeptine Sodium:

• Water Solubility: High
• Organic Solvent Solubility: Low

Tianeptine Sulfate:

• Water Solubility: Moderate
• Organic Solvent Solubility: Low

Tianeptine Free Acid:

• Water Solubility: Low
• Organic Solvent Solubility: High

Stability Profiles

Research requiring long-term studies or multiple experimental sessions may benefit from the more stable sulfate form. Conversely, studies requiring rapid dissolution might favor the sodium salt. Researchers exploring related compounds might also consider substances like Phenibut HCL for comparative receptor studies.

Purity Considerations

All research-grade tianeptine should meet stringent purity standards, typically ≥98% as verified by HPLC analysis. Researchers should always request certificates of analysis (COA) to verify compound identity and purity before initiating experiments. Detailed information about testing protocols is available through quality control documentation.

Analytical Methods for Verification

Responsible research requires verification of compound identity and purity. Common analytical methods employed include:

• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Standard method for purity determination
• Mass Spectrometry (MS): Molecular weight confirmation
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Structural verification
• Infrared Spectroscopy (IR): Functional group identification
• Melting Point Analysis: Physical characterization

Researchers should establish standard operating procedures for compound verification as part of their quality assurance protocols. The FDA chemical guidelines provide regulatory context for analytical standards.

Proper Handling and Laboratory Safety

All personnel working with tianeptine in research settings should adhere to standard laboratory safety practices outlined by OSHA chemical hazards regulations:

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate lab coats, gloves, and eye protection
• Ventilation: Handle powdered forms in properly ventilated areas or fume hoods
• Documentation: Maintain detailed records of compound receipt, storage, and usage
• Disposal: Follow institutional and regulatory guidelines for chemical waste disposal
• Access Control: Limit access to authorized research personnel only

Additional safety resources are available through the CDC NIOSH chemical safety program and the EPA chemical safety division. For incident investigation protocols, researchers can consult the Chemical Safety Board.

Regulatory Considerations for Researchers

The regulatory status of tianeptine varies by jurisdiction. Researchers must verify the legal status of this compound in their specific location before procurement and use. In the United States, several states have implemented restrictions on tianeptine, and researchers should consult current regulations. The CISA chemical security guidelines provide additional compliance frameworks.

Important compliance steps include:

• Verifying institutional approval for research involving this compound
• Maintaining proper documentation and chain of custody records
• Ensuring all research activities align with applicable regulations
• Staying informed about regulatory changes that may affect research protocols

For common regulatory questions, researchers can consult the FAQ section or review the latest updates on the research blog.

Quality Assurance in Research Supply

When sourcing tianeptine for research purposes, investigators should prioritize suppliers who provide:

• Comprehensive certificates of analysis
• Batch-specific testing documentation
• Clear labeling indicating "For Research Use Only."
• Proper packaging to maintain compound stability
• Transparent sourcing and manufacturing information

Researchers can explore various formulation options, including capsule preparations and liquid solutions, depending on experimental requirements. Those interested in plant-derived research compounds may also browse natural products for comparative studies.

Conclusion

Selecting the appropriate form of tianeptine is a critical decision that directly impacts research outcomes and experimental reproducibility. Each formulation, sodium sulfate, free acid, and hemisulfate monohydrate, presents distinct advantages tailored to specific research applications. Sodium salt excels in aqueous-based studies requiring rapid dissolution, while sulfate forms provide superior stability for extended research protocols. Free acid enables organic solvent applications and custom salt preparation, and hemisulfate monohydrate serves solid-state characterization needs.

Researchers must prioritize sourcing from reputable suppliers who provide comprehensive certificates of analysis, maintain proper storage protocols, and implement rigorous analytical verification procedures. Equally important is maintaining strict regulatory compliance and adhering to institutional guidelines governing research compound handling.

Take action today by evaluating your experimental requirements against each form's characteristics. Review your current storage practices, verify supplier quality standards, and ensure your laboratory protocols align with best practices. For additional assistance, contact the research support team or browse the complete catalog of research compounds. Making informed decisions about tianeptine form selection will enhance data quality and advance your research objectives.

Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for educational and informational purposes for the research community. Tianeptine products are sold exclusively for legitimate research applications and are not intended for human consumption, self-experimentation, or any unapproved uses. Purchasers and researchers assume full responsibility for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Always consult with appropriate regulatory bodies and institutional review boards before initiating research involving this compound. The information provided herein does not constitute legal advice, and researchers should seek appropriate professional guidance regarding regulatory compliance in their jurisdiction.

FAQs

Which form of tianeptine is best suited for cell culture research applications?

Tianeptine sodium is the optimal choice for cell culture research. Its high water solubility enables easy preparation of stock solutions in aqueous media without requiring organic co-solvents. The sodium salt dissolves rapidly and completely, allowing precise concentration preparations for dose-response studies. Prepare fresh solutions or store aliquots at -20°C to maintain stability, and always filter-sterilize before adding to cell cultures.

How should I store different forms of tianeptine to maintain research-grade quality?

Storage requirements vary by form. Store tianeptine sodium in airtight containers with desiccants at 2-8°C due to its hygroscopic nature. Tianeptine sulfate can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated, protected from light. Keep free acid under an inert atmosphere at 2-8°C. For hemisulfate monohydrate, maintain controlled humidity to preserve the hydration state. All forms benefit from light protection and regular analytical testing.

What analytical methods should I use to verify tianeptine purity before conducting experiments?

Use HPLC as your primary method for purity determination, research-grade material should show ≥98% purity. Confirm identity using Mass Spectrometry or Infrared Spectroscopy. For crystalline form verification, employ X-ray powder diffraction. Determine water content using Karl Fischer titration for hydrated forms. Always review supplier certificates of analysis and perform independent verification testing upon receipt.

Can I convert tianeptine free acid to other salt forms in my laboratory?

Yes, the free acid form allows preparation of custom salts for screening studies. The carboxylic acid group reacts with appropriate bases to form various salt derivatives. This requires synthetic chemistry expertise, analytical capabilities for product verification, and proper documentation. Ensure your institution permits such activities and maintain detailed records of all procedures and characterization data.

What regulatory steps must I complete before procuring tianeptine for research?

Before procurement, verify the legal status in your jurisdiction, as multiple U.S. states have restrictions. Consult your institutional compliance office regarding internal policies. Obtain necessary permits or approvals, establish proper storage security and access controls, and implement chain of custody documentation. Source only from reputable suppliers providing materials labeled for research use only.